The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds, sentence 9
Water voles have vanished from most of the places in Britain where they once lived, mainly because American mink that escaped from fur farms hunt them in their burrows, and because river banks were cleared and walled.
Who acts: Water voles, places, American mink · What happens: vanish, live, escape, hunt, clear, wall · To what, where: most, fur farms, places, burrows, river banks
This is a sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water voles, places, American mink), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 voles | compound |
| 2 | voles | vole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 vanished | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 vanished | aux |
| 4 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 places | case |
| 6 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 4 vanished | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 places | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 places | det |
| 9 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 most | nmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 Britain | case |
| 11 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 places | nmod |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 lived | advmod |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 lived | nsubj |
| 14 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 15 lived | advmod |
| 15 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 places | acl:relcl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 mainly | punct |
| 17 | mainly | mainly | ADV | _ | 26 hunt | advmod |
| 18 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 26 hunt | mark |
| 19 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 mink | amod |
| 20 | mink | mink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 hunt | nsubj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 escaped | nsubj |
| 22 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 mink | acl:relcl |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 farms | case |
| 24 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 farms | compound |
| 25 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 escaped | obl |
| 26 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 lived | advcl |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 hunt | obj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 burrows | case |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 burrows | nmod:poss |
| 30 | burrows | burrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 hunt | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 cleared | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 cleared | cc |
| 33 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 37 cleared | mark |
| 34 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 banks | compound |
| 35 | banks | bank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 cleared | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 cleared | aux:pass |
| 37 | cleared | clear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 hunt | conj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 walled | cc |
| 39 | walled | wall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 cleared | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 vanished | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | vanish | present · perfect | Water voles | most from the places in Britain | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | live | past | places = place | once property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | escape | past | American mink | fur farms | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from farm=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | hunt | present | American mink | places = place | places's burrows | mainly property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme in burrow=Location | ||
| 5 | clear | past · passive | river banks | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source | |||||
| 6 | wall | participle | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/9/