Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 10

Dung beetles roll dung into balls and bury them as food for their young; some steer at night by the glow of the Milky Way, and Australia brought in dung beetles to clear up cow pats, which had piled up in the fields and bred flies.

Who acts: Dung beetles, some, Australia, cow pats, Milky Way · What happens: roll, bury, steer, bring, clear up, pile up · To what, where: dung, balls, beetles, dung beetles, cow pats, fields

This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dung beetles, some, Australia, cow pats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 beetles	compound
2	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 roll	nsubj
3	roll	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 roll	obj
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 balls	case
6	balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 roll	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 bury	cc
8	bury	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 roll	conj
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bury	obj
10	as	as	ADP	_	11 food	case
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bury	obl
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 young	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 young	nmod:poss
14	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 food	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 steer	punct
16	some	some	PRON	PronType=Ind	17 steer	nsubj
17	steer	steer	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 roll	conj
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 night	case
19	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 steer	obl
20	by	by	ADP	_	22 glow	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 glow	det
22	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 steer	obl
23	of	of	ADP	_	26 Way	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 Way	det
25	Milky	milky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 Way	amod
26	Way	Way	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 glow	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 brought	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 brought	cc
29	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 brought	nsubj
30	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 roll	conj
31	in	in	ADP	_	33 beetles	case
32	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 beetles	compound
33	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 brought	obj
34	to	to	PART	_	35 clear	mark
35	clear	clear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 brought	advcl
36	up	up	ADP	_	35 clear	compound:prt
37	cow	cow	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 pats	compound
38	pats	pat	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 clear	obj
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 piled	punct
40	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	42 piled	nsubj
41	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	42 piled	aux
42	piled	pile	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	38 pats	acl:relcl
43	up	up	ADP	_	42 piled	compound:prt
44	in	in	ADP	_	46 fields	case
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 fields	det
46	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 piled	obl
47	and	and	CCONJ	_	48 bred	cc
48	bred	bred	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	42 piled	conj
49	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 bred	obj
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 roll	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	present	Dung beetles	dung		balls			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent dung=Theme into ball=Trajectory
2	bury	present	Dung beetles not said here	beetles = beetle				as food for beetles's young	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
3	steer	present	some				night	by the glow of the Milky Way	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by glow=Destination
4	bring	past	Australia		dung beetles				vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument beetle=Destination
5	clear up	to-infinitive	Australia not said here	cow pats					vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent pat=Source
6	pile up	past · perfect	cow pats			the fields			vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in field=Destination
7	bred	participle	cow pats not said here	flies					tree rules
8	glow		the Milky Way						nom glow «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/10/