Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 9
It is a myth that hyenas only steal from lions: spotted hyenas hunt most of their own food in many places, lions often steal from them, and they are closer relatives of cats and mongooses than of dogs.
Who acts: hyenas, spotted hyenas, lions · What happens: be, steal, spot, hunt · To what, where: myth, most, many places, closer relatives
This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hyenas, spotted hyenas, lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 myth | expl |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 myth | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 myth | det |
| 4 | myth | myth | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 steal | mark |
| 6 | hyenas | hyena | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 steal | nsubj |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 steal | advmod |
| 8 | steal | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 myth | acl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 lions | case |
| 10 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 steal | obl |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 spotted | punct |
| 12 | spotted | spot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 hyenas | amod |
| 13 | hyenas | hyena | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 hunt | nsubj |
| 14 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 myth | parataxis |
| 15 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 14 hunt | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 food | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 food | nmod:poss |
| 18 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 food | amod |
| 19 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 most | nmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 places | case |
| 21 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 places | amod |
| 22 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 hunt | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 lions | punct |
| 24 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 steal | nsubj |
| 25 | often | often | ADV | _ | 26 steal | advmod |
| 26 | steal | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 hunt | parataxis |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 them | case |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 steal | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 relatives | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 relatives | cc |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 relatives | nsubj |
| 32 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 relatives | cop |
| 33 | closer | close | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 relatives | amod |
| 34 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 hunt | conj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 cats | case |
| 36 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 relatives | nmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 mongooses | cc |
| 38 | mongooses | mongoose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 cats | conj |
| 39 | than | than | ADP | _ | 41 dogs | case |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 dogs | case |
| 41 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 cats | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 myth | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a myth | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | steal | present | hyenas | a myth not said here | from lions | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent myth=Theme from lion=Source | |||
| 3 | spot | participle | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | ||||||
| 4 | hunt | present | spotted hyenas | most of hyenas's own food | many places | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent most=Theme in place=Location | |||
| 5 | steal | present | lions | from hyenas = hyena; often property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | is a | present | lions = lion | closer relatives | of cats than dogs and mongooses | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/9/