Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 8

Vultures are scavengers whose very strong stomach acid kills most germs from rotting meat; when vultures nearly died out in India after eating cattle treated with a medicine poisonous to them, carcasses lay uncleaned and disease spread.

Who acts: Vultures, strong stomach acid, carcasses · What happens: be, kill, rot, die out, eat, treat · To what, where: scavengers, most germs, rotting meat, cattle

This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vultures, strong stomach acid, carcasses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vultures	vulture	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 scavengers	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scavengers	cop
3	scavengers	scavenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	8 acid	nmod:poss
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 strong	advmod
6	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 acid	amod
7	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 acid	compound
8	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 kills	nsubj
9	kills	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scavengers	acl:relcl
10	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 germs	amod
11	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 kills	obj
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 meat	case
13	rotting	rot	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 meat	amod
14	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 germs	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 died	punct
16	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	19 died	advmod
17	vultures	vulture	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 died	nsubj
18	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	19 died	advmod
19	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	35 lay	advcl
20	out	out	ADP	_	19 died	compound:prt
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 India	case
22	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 died	obl
23	after	after	SCONJ	_	24 eating	mark
24	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 died	advcl
25	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 eating	obj
26	treated	treat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 cattle	acl
27	with	with	ADP	_	29 medicine	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 medicine	det
29	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 treated	obl
30	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 medicine	amod
31	to	to	ADP	_	32 them	case
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 poisonous	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 carcasses	punct
34	carcasses	carcass	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 lay	nsubj
35	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scavengers	parataxis
36	uncleaned	unclean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 lay	xcomp
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 spread	cc
38	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 spread	compound
39	spread	spread	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 uncleaned	conj
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 scavengers	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Vultures	scavengers			tree rules
2	kill	present	strong stomach acid	most germs	rotting meat		vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme from meat=Initial_Location
3	rot	gerund					vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	die out	past	vultures			in India; nearly property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in india=Attribute
5	eat	gerund	vultures not said here	cattle			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient
6	treat	participle		cattle not said here		with a medicine	vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent with medicine=Theme
7	lay	present	carcasses			unclean property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/8/