Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 7
The best-supported idea about zebra stripes today is that they put off biting flies such as horseflies, which fail to land properly on stripes; the idea that they confuse lions has little proof.
Who acts: supported idea, stripes, horseflies, idea · What happens: support, be, put off, bite, fail, not land · To what, where: biting flies, stripes, lions, little proof
This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (supported idea, stripes, horseflies, idea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 idea | det |
| 2 | best | well | ADV | Degree=Sup | 4 supported | advmod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 best | punct |
| 4 | supported | support | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 idea | amod |
| 5 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 is | nsubj |
| 6 | about | about | ADP | _ | 8 stripes | case |
| 7 | zebra | zebra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 stripes | compound |
| 8 | stripes | stripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 idea | nmod |
| 9 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 is | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 put | mark |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 put | nsubj |
| 13 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 is | ccomp |
| 14 | off | off | ADP | _ | 13 put | compound:prt |
| 15 | biting | bite | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 flies | amod |
| 16 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 put | obj |
| 17 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 19 horseflies | case |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 such | fixed |
| 19 | horseflies | horsefly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 flies | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 fail | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 fail | nsubj |
| 22 | fail | fail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 horseflies | acl:relcl |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 land | mark |
| 24 | land | land | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 fail | xcomp |
| 25 | properly | properly | ADV | _ | 24 land | advmod |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 stripes | case |
| 27 | stripes | stripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 land | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 idea | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 idea | det |
| 30 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 has | nsubj |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 confuse | mark |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 confuse | nsubj |
| 33 | confuse | confuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 idea | acl |
| 34 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 confuse | obj |
| 35 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 is | parataxis |
| 36 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 proof | amod |
| 37 | proof | proof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 has | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | support | participle | well property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | be | present | the supported idea about zebra stripes | today | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | put off | past | stripes = stripe | biting flies | such horseflies | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent fly=Goal | |||
| 4 | bite | gerund | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | fail | present | horseflies | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | not land | to-infinitive | horseflies not said here | stripes | properly property | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on stripe=Destination | |||
| 7 | confuse | present | stripes = stripe | lions | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient | ||||
| 8 | have | present | the idea | little proof | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proof=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/7/