Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 11

Earthworms pull dead leaves underground and turn them into rich worm casts, and their tunnels let air and water into the soil; Charles Darwin wrote a whole book about them in 1881.

Who acts: Earthworms, tunnels, Charles · What happens: pull, turn, let, write · To what, where: dead leaves, leaves, rich worm casts, air, soil, whole book

This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earthworms, tunnels, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Earthworms	earthworm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pull	nsubj
2	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 leaves	amod
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pull	obj
5	underground	underground	ADV	_	2 pull	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 turn	cc
7	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 pull	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 turn	obj
9	into	into	ADP	_	12 casts	case
10	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 casts	amod
11	worm	worm	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 casts	compound
12	casts	cast	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 turn	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 let	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 let	cc
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 tunnels	nmod:poss
16	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 let	nsubj
17	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 pull	conj
18	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 let	obj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 water	cc
20	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 air	conj
21	into	into	ADP	_	23 soil	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 soil	det
23	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 let	obl
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 wrote	punct
25	Charles	Charles	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 wrote	nsubj
26	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Charles	flat
27	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 pull	parataxis
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 book	det
29	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 book	amod
30	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 wrote	obj
31	about	about	ADP	_	32 them	case
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 book	nmod
33	in	in	ADP	_	34 1881	case
34	1881	1881	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	27 wrote	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pull	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pull	present	Earthworms	dead leaves		underground property	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme
2	turn	present	Earthworms not said here	leaves = leaf	rich worm casts		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme into cast=Trajectory
3	let	present	Earthworms's tunnels	air and water	the soil		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
4	write	past	Charles	a whole book	1881	about Earthworms = earthworm	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme in 1881=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/11/