Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 13

A hoverfly has wasp-like yellow and black stripes but cannot sting; copying a dangerous animal's look to fool predators is called mimicry.

Who acts: hoverfly, copying · What happens: have, not sting, copy, fool, call · To what, where: like yellow stripes, look, predators, mimicry · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoverfly, copying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hoverfly	det
2	hoverfly	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 like	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 like	punct
6	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 stripes	amod
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 stripes	amod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 black	cc
9	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 yellow	conj
10	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 sting	cc
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 sting	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 sting	advmod
14	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 has	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 copying	punct
16	copying	copy	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	26 called	csubj
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 animal	det
18	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 animal	amod
19	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 look	nmod:poss
20	's	's	PART	_	19 animal	case
21	look	look	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 copying	obj
22	to	to	PART	_	23 fool	mark
23	fool	fool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 look	acl
24	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 fool	obj
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 called	aux:pass
26	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 has	parataxis
27	mimicry	mimicry	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 called	xcomp
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	have	present	a hoverfly	like yellow stripes	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient
2	not sting	can	a hoverfly not said here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
3	copy	gerund		a dangerous animal's look	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Theme
4	fool	to-infinitive		predators	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent predator=Patient
5	call speech: assert	present · passive	copying	mimicry	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/13/