Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird, sentence 6
A tadpole grows back legs first, then front legs; its gills are replaced by lungs, and its tail is not dropped but slowly taken apart and reused by the body.
Who acts: tadpole, lungs · What happens: grow back, replace, not drop, take apart, reuse · To what, where: legs, gills, tail
This is a sentence of the lesson «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tadpole, lungs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 tadpole | det |
| 2 | tadpole | tadpole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grows | nsubj |
| 3 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | back | back | ADV | _ | 3 grows | compound:prt |
| 5 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grows | obj |
| 6 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 grows | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 legs | punct |
| 8 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 legs | advmod |
| 9 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 legs | amod |
| 10 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grows | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 replaced | punct |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 gills | nmod:poss |
| 13 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 replaced | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 replaced | aux:pass |
| 15 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 grows | parataxis |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 lungs | case |
| 17 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 replaced | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 dropped | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 dropped | cc |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 tail | nmod:poss |
| 21 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 dropped | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 dropped | aux:pass |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 dropped | advmod |
| 24 | dropped | drop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 replaced | conj |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 taken | cc |
| 26 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 27 taken | advmod |
| 27 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 dropped | conj |
| 28 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 27 taken | advmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 reused | cc |
| 30 | reused | reuse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 taken | conj |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 body | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 body | det |
| 33 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 reused | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grows | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow back | present | a tadpole | legs | front legs obl; first property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme | |||
| 2 | replace | present · passive | lungs | tadpole's gills | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | not drop | present · passive | tadpole's tail | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | take apart | participle | apart, slowly property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | reuse | participle | by the body | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:048-life-cycles-metamorphosis.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/6/