How animals talk, sentence 11

In spring male songbirds such as blackbirds sing at dawn to claim territory and be noticed, and young birds learn their songs by listening and practising, much like a baby learning to talk.

Who acts: spring male songbirds, young birds, baby, birds · What happens: sing, claim, notice, learn, listen, practise · To what, where: territory, songs

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spring male songbirds, young birds, baby, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 songbirds	case
2	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 songbirds	compound
3	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 songbirds	amod
4	songbirds	songbird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sing	nsubj
5	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	7 blackbirds	case
6	as	as	ADP	_	5 such	fixed
7	blackbirds	blackbird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 songbirds	nmod
8	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 dawn	case
10	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sing	obl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 claim	mark
12	claim	claim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 sing	advcl
13	territory	territory	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 claim	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 noticed	cc
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 noticed	aux:pass
16	noticed	notice	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 claim	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 learn	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 learn	cc
19	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 birds	amod
20	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 learn	nsubj
21	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 sing	conj
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 songs	nmod:poss
23	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 learn	obj
24	by	by	SCONJ	_	25 listening	mark
25	listening	listen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 learn	advcl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 practising	cc
27	practising	practise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 listening	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 baby	punct
29	much	much	ADV	_	32 baby	advmod
30	like	like	ADP	_	32 baby	case
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 baby	det
32	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 listening	obl
33	learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	32 baby	acl
34	to	to	PART	_	35 talk	mark
35	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 learning	xcomp
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 sing	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	spring male songbirds such blackbirds		dawn		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	claim speech: other	to-infinitive	spring male songbirds such blackbirds not said here	territory			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent territory=Topic
3	notice	infinitive · passive	spring male songbirds such blackbirds not said here				vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»
4	learn	present	young birds	birds's songs			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic
5	listen	gerund	young birds not said here			like a baby	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
6	practise	gerund	young birds not said here				tree rules
7	learn	gerund	a baby not said here				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	talk	to-infinitive	a baby not said here				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	sing		birds = bird				nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/11/