How animals talk, sentence 12

Ants that find food lay a scent trail of chemicals called pheromones on the way home, and other ants smell it with their antennae and follow it.

Who acts: Ants, chemicals, other ants · What happens: find, lay, call, smell, follow · To what, where: food, scent trail, pheromones, trail · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ants, chemicals, other ants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lay	nsubj
2	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 find	nsubj
3	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ants	acl:relcl
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 find	obj
5	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 trail	det
7	scent	scent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 trail	compound
8	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lay	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 chemicals	case
10	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 trail	nmod
11	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 chemicals	acl
12	pheromones	pheromone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 called	xcomp
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 way	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 way	det
15	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pheromones	nmod
16	home	home	ADV	_	15 way	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 smell	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 smell	cc
19	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 ants	amod
20	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 smell	nsubj
21	smell	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 lay	conj
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 smell	obj
23	with	with	ADP	_	25 antennae	case
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 antennae	nmod:poss
25	antennae	antennae	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 smell	obl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 follow	cc
27	follow	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 smell	conj
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 follow	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 lay	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	find	present	Ants	food		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic
2	lay	present	Ants	a scent trail of chemicals		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Result
3	call	participle	chemicals not said here	pheromones on the way		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	smell	present	other ants	trail	with Ants's antennae	vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
5	follow	present	other ants not said here	trail		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/12/