How animals talk, sentence 6
Prairie dogs give alarm calls that seem to change for different predators, and some studies suggest they carry details such as size or colour, though scientists still argue how much.
Who acts: Prairie dogs, alarm calls, studies, scientists · What happens: give, seem, change, suggest, carry, argue · To what, where: alarm calls, details, much · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prairie dogs, alarm calls, studies, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prairie | prairie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 dogs | compound |
| 2 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 give | nsubj |
| 3 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | alarm | alarm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 calls | compound |
| 5 | calls | call | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 give | obj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 seem | nsubj |
| 7 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 calls | acl:relcl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 change | mark |
| 9 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 seem | xcomp |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 predators | case |
| 11 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 predators | amod |
| 12 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 change | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 suggest | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 suggest | cc |
| 15 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 16 studies | det |
| 16 | studies | study | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 suggest | nsubj |
| 17 | suggest | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 give | conj |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 carry | nsubj |
| 19 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 suggest | ccomp |
| 20 | details | detail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 carry | obj |
| 21 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 23 size | case |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 such | fixed |
| 23 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 details | nmod |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 colour | cc |
| 25 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 size | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 argue | punct |
| 27 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 30 argue | mark |
| 28 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 argue | nsubj |
| 29 | still | still | ADV | _ | 30 argue | advmod |
| 30 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 give | parataxis |
| 31 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 much | advmod |
| 32 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 argue | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 give | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present | Prairie dogs | alarm calls | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Theme | ||||
| 2 | seem | present | alarm calls | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | change | to-infinitive | alarm calls not said here | for different predators | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | suggest speech: suggest | present | some studies | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | carry | present | studies = study | details | such size or colour | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Theme | |||
| 6 | argue speech: disagree | present | scientists | much | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent much=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/6/