How animals hunt, sentence 2

Watch a pet cat with a toy mouse: it creeps low, freezes, wiggles its bottom, then pounces; that wiggle is the cat testing its footing and getting ready to push off hard, exactly like a lion in the long grass.

Who acts: you, cat, wiggle · What happens: watch, creep, freeze, wiggle, pounce, be · To what, where: pet cat, bottom, cat, footing

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, cat, wiggle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Watch	watch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cat	det
3	pet	pet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cat	compound
4	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Watch	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 mouse	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mouse	det
7	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mouse	compound
8	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Watch	obl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 creeps	punct
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 creeps	nsubj
11	creeps	creep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Watch	parataxis
12	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 creeps	xcomp
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 freezes	punct
14	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 creeps	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 wiggles	punct
16	wiggles	wiggle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 creeps	conj
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 bottom	nmod:poss
18	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 wiggles	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 pounces	punct
20	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	21 pounces	advmod
21	pounces	pounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 creeps	conj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 pounces	punct
23	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	24 wiggle	det
24	wiggle	wiggle	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cat	nsubj
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 cat	cop
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 cat	det
27	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 creeps	conj
28	testing	testing	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	27 cat	acl
29	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 footing	nmod:poss
30	footing	footing	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 testing	obj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 getting	cc
32	getting	get	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	28 testing	conj
33	ready	ready	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 getting	xcomp
34	to	to	PART	_	35 push	mark
35	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 ready	xcomp
36	off	off	ADP	_	35 push	compound:prt
37	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	35 push	advmod
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 lion	punct
39	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	42 lion	advmod
40	like	like	ADP	_	42 lion	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 lion	det
42	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cat	obl
43	in	in	ADP	_	46 grass	case
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 grass	det
45	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 grass	amod
46	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 lion	nmod
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Watch	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	watch	imperative	you not said here	a pet cat		with a toy mouse	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme
2	creep	present	cat			low property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	freeze	present	cat not said here				vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	wiggle	present	cat not said here	cat's bottom			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottom=Patient
5	pounce	present	cat not said here		then		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	is a	present	that wiggle	the cat		like a lion in the long grass	tree rules
7	testing	gerund	the cat not said here	cat's footing			tree rules
8	get	gerund	the cat not said here			ready property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
9	push off	to-infinitive	the cat not said here			hard property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/2/