How animals defend themselves, sentence 9

A pufferfish gulps water into a stretchy stomach and swells to several times its size; puffing up is stressful, so it only does it when it must.

Who acts: pufferfish, puffing · What happens: gulp, swell, puff up, be, do · To what, where: water, stretchy stomach, size

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pufferfish, puffing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pufferfish	det
2	pufferfish	pufferfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gulps	nsubj
3	gulps	gulp	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gulps	obj
5	into	into	ADP	_	8 stomach	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 stomach	det
7	stretchy	stretchy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 stomach	amod
8	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gulps	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 swells	cc
10	swells	swell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 gulps	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 times	case
12	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 times	amod
13	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 swells	obl:unmarked
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 size	nmod:poss
15	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 swells	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 puffing	punct
17	puffing	puff	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 stressful	csubj
18	up	up	ADP	_	17 puffing	compound:prt
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 stressful	cop
20	stressful	stressful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 gulps	parataxis
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 does	punct
22	so	so	ADV	_	25 does	advmod
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 does	nsubj
24	only	only	ADV	_	25 does	advmod
25	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 gulps	conj
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 does	obj
27	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	29 must	advmod
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 must	nsubj
29	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 does	advcl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 gulps	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gulp	present	a pufferfish	water	a stretchy stomach			vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
2	swell	present	a pufferfish not said here	pufferfish's size		time		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	puff up	gerund						vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
4	is	present	puffing				stressful property	tree rules
5	do	present	pufferfish	water				vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/9/