Sleep and hibernation, sentence 11
Common frogs spend winter in mud or under logs, and some males rest at the bottom of ponds, taking in oxygen through their skin.
Who acts: Common frogs, males · What happens: spend, rest, take in · To what, where: mud, bottom, oxygen, skin
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Common frogs, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 frogs | amod |
| 2 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spend | nsubj |
| 3 | spend | spend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spend | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 mud | case |
| 6 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spend | obl |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 logs | cc |
| 8 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 logs | case |
| 9 | logs | log | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 winter | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 rest | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 rest | cc |
| 12 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 males | det |
| 13 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 rest | nsubj |
| 14 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spend | conj |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 bottom | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 bottom | det |
| 17 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 rest | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 ponds | case |
| 19 | ponds | pond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 bottom | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 taking | punct |
| 21 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 rest | advcl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 taking | compound:prt |
| 23 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 taking | obj |
| 24 | through | through | ADP | _ | 26 skin | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 skin | nmod:poss |
| 26 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 taking | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spend | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spend | present | Common frogs | mud | winter | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | rest | present | some males | the bottom of ponds | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bottom=Location | ||||
| 3 | take in | gerund | some males not said here | oxygen | males's skin | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/11/