Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 14

In autumn trees stop making green chlorophyll, so hidden yellows and oranges show through, and some trees make new reds; they take back useful material before the leaves fall, because thin leaves would be hurt by frost and would lose water when the ground is frozen.

Who acts: trees, hidden yellows, leaves, frost · What happens: stop, make, show, take back, fall, hurt · To what, where: green chlorophyll, new reds, useful material, thin leaves, water, ground

This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, hidden yellows, leaves, frost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 autumn	case
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stop	obl
3	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stop	nsubj
4	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 stop	xcomp
6	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 chlorophyll	amod
7	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 making	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 show	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	14 show	advmod
10	hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 yellows	amod
11	yellows	yellow	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 show	nsubj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 oranges	cc
13	oranges	orange	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 yellows	conj
14	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stop	conj
15	through	through	ADV	_	14 show	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 make	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 make	cc
18	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	19 trees	det
19	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 make	nsubj
20	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 show	conj
21	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 reds	amod
22	reds	red	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 make	obj
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 take	punct
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 take	nsubj
25	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 show	conj
26	back	back	ADV	_	25 take	advmod
27	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 material	amod
28	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 take	obj
29	before	before	SCONJ	_	32 fall	mark
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 leaves	det
31	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 fall	nsubj
32	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 take	advcl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 hurt	punct
34	because	because	SCONJ	_	39 hurt	mark
35	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 leaves	amod
36	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 hurt	nsubj:pass
37	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	39 hurt	aux
38	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	39 hurt	aux:pass
39	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 take	advcl
40	by	by	ADP	_	41 frost	case
41	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 hurt	obl
42	and	and	CCONJ	_	44 lose	cc
43	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	44 lose	aux
44	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	39 hurt	conj
45	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 lose	obj
46	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	50 frozen	advmod
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 ground	det
48	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 frozen	nsubj:pass
49	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	50 frozen	aux:pass
50	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	44 lose	advcl
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 stop	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	trees		autumn		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	make	gerund	trees not said here	green chlorophyll			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chlorophyll=Product
3	show	present	hidden yellows and oranges			through property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	make	present	some trees	new reds			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset red=Product
5	take back	present	trees = tree	useful material			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Theme
6	fall	present	the leaves				vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	hurt	would · passive	frost	thin leaves			vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient
8	lose	would	frost not said here	water			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality
9	freeze	present · passive		the ground			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/14/