Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 3
Plants change these parts for special jobs: a cactus turned its leaves into spines, a pea turned shoots into curly tendrils, an onion stores food in swollen leaves, and a nettle grows stinging hairs.
Who acts: Plants, cactus, pea, onion, nettle · What happens: change, turn, store, grow, sting · To what, where: parts, leaves, spines, shoots, curly tendrils, food
This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plants, cactus, pea, onion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 change | nsubj |
| 2 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 parts | det |
| 4 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 change | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 jobs | case |
| 6 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 jobs | amod |
| 7 | jobs | job | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 change | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 turned | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 cactus | det |
| 10 | cactus | cactus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 turned | nsubj |
| 11 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 jobs | acl:relcl |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 13 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 turned | obj |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 15 spines | case |
| 15 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 turned | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 turned | punct |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 pea | det |
| 18 | pea | pea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 turned | nsubj |
| 19 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 turned | conj |
| 20 | shoots | shoot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 turned | obj |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 tendrils | case |
| 22 | curly | curly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 tendrils | amod |
| 23 | tendrils | tendril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 turned | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 stores | punct |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 onion | det |
| 26 | onion | onion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stores | nsubj |
| 27 | stores | store | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 turned | conj |
| 28 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stores | obj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 leaves | case |
| 30 | swollen | swollen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 leaves | amod |
| 31 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 stores | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 grows | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 grows | cc |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 nettle | det |
| 35 | nettle | nettle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 grows | nsubj |
| 36 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 turned | conj |
| 37 | stinging | sting | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 hairs | amod |
| 38 | hairs | hair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 grows | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 change | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Plants | this parts | for special jobs | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent part=Theme for job=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | turn | past | a cactus | plant's leaves | spines | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme into spine=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | turn | past | a pea | shoots | curly tendrils | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent shoot=Theme into tendril=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | store | present | a onion | food | swollen leaves | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme in leaf=Location | |||
| 5 | grow | present | a nettle | stinging hairs | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hair=Theme | ||||
| 6 | sting | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/3/