Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 8

Leaf veins carry water in and sugar out, and hold the leaf flat like the ribs of an umbrella; leaves are thin and flat to catch light and let gases in and out.

Who acts: Leaf veins, leaves · What happens: carry in, hold, be, catch, let · To what, where: water, leaf, light, gases

This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leaf veins, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 veins	compound
2	veins	vein	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carry	nsubj
3	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carry	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	3 carry	compound:prt
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sugar	cc
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 water	conj
8	out	out	ADV	_	7 sugar	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 hold	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 hold	cc
11	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 carry	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 leaf	det
13	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hold	obj
14	flat	flat	ADV	_	11 hold	advmod
15	like	like	ADP	_	17 ribs	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ribs	det
17	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 hold	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 umbrella	case
19	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 umbrella	det
20	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 ribs	nmod
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 thin	punct
22	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 thin	nsubj
23	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 thin	cop
24	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 carry	parataxis
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 flat	cc
26	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 thin	conj
27	to	to	PART	_	28 catch	mark
28	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 flat	xcomp
29	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 catch	obj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 let	cc
31	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 catch	conj
32	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 let	obj
33	in	in	ADV	_	31 let	xcomp
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 out	cc
35	out	out	ADV	_	33 in	conj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 carry	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	carry in	present	Leaf veins	water and sugar		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
2	hold	infinitive	Leaf veins not said here	the leaf	like the ribs of a umbrella; flat property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme
3	is	present	leaves		thin property	tree rules
4	be		leaves not said here			tree rules
5	catch	to-infinitive	leaves not said here	light		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme
6	let	infinitive	leaves not said here	gases		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/8/