Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 9

Leaves lose water vapour through tiny holes called stomata, mostly on the underside; this water loss, transpiration, pulls more water up from the roots.

Who acts: Leaves, tiny holes, water loss · What happens: lose, call, pull up · To what, where: water vapour, tiny holes, stomata, more water, roots · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leaves, tiny holes, water loss), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	nsubj
2	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 vapour	compound
4	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lose	obj
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 holes	case
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 holes	amod
7	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	obl
8	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 holes	acl
9	stomata	stomata	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 called	xcomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 underside	punct
11	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	14 underside	advmod
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 underside	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 underside	det
14	underside	underside	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stomata	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	2 lose	punct
16	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	18 loss	det
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 loss	compound
18	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 pulls	nsubj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 transpiration	punct
20	transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 loss	appos
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 pulls	punct
22	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 lose	parataxis
23	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	24 water	amod
24	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 pulls	obj
25	up	up	ADV	_	22 pulls	advmod
26	from	from	ADP	_	28 roots	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 roots	det
28	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 pulls	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lose	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	lose	present	Leaves	water vapour	tiny holes	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vapour=Eventuality
2	call	participle	tiny holes not said here	stomata and the underside		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	pull up	present	this water loss	more water	the roots	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from root=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/9/