Seeds and fruit and how they travel, sentence 11
Gorse, broom and Himalayan balsam have pods that dry and twist on hot dry days until they burst and fling the seeds out, and the sandbox tree flings its seeds at around 250 km per hour.
Who acts: Gorse, pods, sandbox tree · What happens: have, dry, twist, burst, fling out, fling · To what, where: pods, seeds, 250 km
This is a sentence of the lesson «Seeds and fruit and how they travel» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gorse, pods, sandbox tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gorse | gorse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 have | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 broom | punct |
| 3 | broom | broom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Gorse | conj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 balsam | cc |
| 5 | Himalayan | himalayan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 balsam | amod |
| 6 | balsam | balsam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 broom | conj |
| 7 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | pods | pod | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 have | obj |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 dry | nsubj |
| 10 | dry | dry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 pods | acl:relcl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 twist | cc |
| 12 | twist | twist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 dry | conj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 days | case |
| 14 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 days | amod |
| 15 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 days | amod |
| 16 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 dry | obl |
| 17 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 19 burst | mark |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 burst | nsubj |
| 19 | burst | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 have | advcl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 fling | cc |
| 21 | fling | fling | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 burst | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 seeds | det |
| 23 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 fling | obj |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 fling | compound:prt |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 flings | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 flings | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 tree | det |
| 28 | sandbox | sandbox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 tree | compound |
| 29 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 flings | nsubj |
| 30 | flings | fling | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 have | conj |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 seeds | nmod:poss |
| 32 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 flings | obj |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 36 km | case |
| 34 | around | around | ADV | _ | 35 250 | advmod |
| 35 | 250 | 250 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 36 km | nummod |
| 36 | km | km | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 flings | obl |
| 37 | per | per | ADP | _ | 38 hour | case |
| 38 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 km | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Gorse and broom and Himalayan balsam | pods | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pod=Patient | ||||
| 2 | dry | present | pods | day | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | twist | present | pods not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | burst | present | Gorse | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | fling out | present | Gorse not said here | the seeds | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Theme | ||||
| 6 | fling | present | the sandbox tree | seed's seeds | 250 km per hour | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent seed=Theme at km=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:059-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel/11/