Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, sentence 7

Fungi spread by spores, tiny specks like dust; a giant puffball can hold trillions of them, and a raindrop or a foot makes them puff out like smoke; most spores land in bad places, so only a few grow into new fungi.

Who acts: Fungi, giant puffball, raindrop, most spores, few · What happens: spread, hold, make, puff out, land, grow · To what, where: trillions, fungi, bad places, new fungi

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fungi, giant puffball, raindrop, most spores), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fungi	fungi	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	nsubj
2	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 spores	case
4	spores	spore	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 specks	punct
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 specks	amod
7	specks	speck	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 spores	conj
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 dust	case
9	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 specks	nmod
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 hold	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 puffball	det
12	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 puffball	amod
13	puffball	puffball	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hold	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 hold	aux
15	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 spread	conj
16	trillions	trillion	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 hold	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 them	case
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 trillions	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 makes	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 makes	cc
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 raindrop	det
22	raindrop	raindrop	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 makes	nsubj
23	or	or	CCONJ	_	25 foot	cc
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 foot	det
25	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 raindrop	conj
26	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 hold	conj
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 makes	obj
28	puff	puff	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 makes	xcomp
29	out	out	ADP	_	28 puff	compound:prt
30	like	like	ADP	_	31 smoke	case
31	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 puff	obl
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 land	punct
33	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	34 spores	amod
34	spores	spore	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 land	nsubj
35	land	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 hold	conj
36	in	in	ADP	_	38 places	case
37	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 places	amod
38	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 land	obl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 fungi	punct
40	so	so	ADV	_	44 grow	advmod
41	only	only	ADV	_	43 few	advmod
42	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 few	det
43	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 grow	nsubj
44	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 land	parataxis
45	into	into	ADP	_	47 fungi	case
46	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	47 fungi	amod
47	fungi	fungi	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 grow	obl
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spread	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	spread	present	Fungi			by spores and tiny specks like dust	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by spore=Location
2	hold	can	a giant puffball	trillions of fungi			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trillion=Theme
3	make	present	a raindrop or a foot	fungi			tree rules
4	puff out	infinitive	fungi not said here			like smoke	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
5	land	present	most spores		bad places		vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in place=Destination
6	grow	present	a few			into new fungi result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into fungi=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/7/