Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad, sentence 10
A cold is caused by a virus; a virus is much smaller than a bacterium and can only copy itself inside a living cell.
Who acts: virus · What happens: cause, be, copy · To what, where: cold, living cell
This is a sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (virus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cold | det |
| 2 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caused | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 caused | aux:pass |
| 4 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 virus | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 virus | det |
| 7 | virus | virus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caused | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 smaller | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 virus | det |
| 10 | virus | virus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 smaller | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 smaller | cop |
| 12 | much | much | ADV | _ | 13 smaller | advmod |
| 13 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 caused | parataxis |
| 14 | than | than | ADP | _ | 16 bacterium | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 bacterium | det |
| 16 | bacterium | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 smaller | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 copy | cc |
| 18 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 copy | aux |
| 19 | only | only | ADV | _ | 20 copy | advmod |
| 20 | copy | copy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 smaller | conj |
| 21 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 20 copy | obj |
| 22 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 25 cell | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cell | det |
| 24 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cell | compound |
| 25 | cell | cell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 copy | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · passive | a virus | a cold | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | a virus | than a bacterium; small property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | copy | can | a virus not said here | cold | a living cell | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent itself=Theme inside cell=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/10/