Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad, sentence 9

Soap breaks up the greasy layer that germs cling to and running water rinses them away; washing for about 20 seconds gives it time to work; cold viruses spread on hands and on things people touch, like door handles.

Who acts: Soap, germs, running water, washing, cold viruses, people · What happens: break up, cling, run, rinse away, wash, give · To what, where: greasy layer, germs, water, hands, things

This is a sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Soap, germs, running water, washing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soap	soap	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breaks	nsubj
2	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 breaks	compound:prt
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 layer	det
5	greasy	greasy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 layer	amod
6	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breaks	obj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 cling	obl
8	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 cling	nsubj
9	cling	cling	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 layer	acl:relcl
10	to	to	ADP	_	7 that	case
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 rinses	cc
12	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 water	amod
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 rinses	nsubj
14	rinses	rinse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 breaks	conj
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 rinses	obj
16	away	away	ADV	_	14 rinses	advmod
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 gives	punct
18	washing	wash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	23 gives	csubj
19	for	for	ADP	_	22 seconds	case
20	about	about	ADV	_	21 20	advmod
21	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	22 seconds	nummod
22	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 washing	obl
23	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 breaks	parataxis
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 gives	iobj
25	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 gives	obj
26	to	to	PART	_	27 work	mark
27	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 time	acl
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 spread	punct
29	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 viruses	amod
30	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 spread	nsubj
31	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 time	conj
32	on	on	ADP	_	33 hands	case
33	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 spread	obl
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 things	cc
35	on	on	ADP	_	36 things	case
36	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 spread	conj
37	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 touch	nsubj
38	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 things	acl:relcl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 handles	punct
40	like	like	ADP	_	42 handles	case
41	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 handles	compound
42	handles	handle	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 touch	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 breaks	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break up	present	Soap	the greasy layer				vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient
2	cling	present	germs				to the greasy layer	vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to that=Co-Theme
3	run	gerund						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	rinse away	present	running water	germs = germ			away property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent they=Source
5	wash	gerund				second		vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	give	present	washing	water		time		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
7	work	to-infinitive	washing not said here					vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	spread	present	cold viruses		hands			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hand=Location
9	touch	present	people	things not said here			like door handles	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thing=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/9/