Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad, sentence 8
Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria, which eat the milk sugar and make lactic acid that thickens the milk and makes it tangy; «live cultures» on a pot means these friendly bacteria are still in it.
Who acts: friendly bacteria, lactic acid, live cultures · What happens: change, eat, make, thicken, mean, be · To what, where: Yoghurt, milk sugar, lactic acid, milk, pot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendly bacteria, lactic acid, live cultures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yoghurt | yoghurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changed | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 changed | aux:pass |
| 3 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changed | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 bacteria | case |
| 6 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 bacteria | amod |
| 7 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 changed | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 eat | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 eat | nsubj |
| 10 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 bacteria | acl:relcl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sugar | det |
| 12 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sugar | compound |
| 13 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 eat | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 make | cc |
| 15 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 eat | conj |
| 16 | lactic | lactic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 acid | amod |
| 17 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 make | obj |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 thickens | nsubj |
| 19 | thickens | thicken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 acid | acl:relcl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 milk | det |
| 21 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 thickens | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 makes | cc |
| 23 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 thickens | conj |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 makes | obj |
| 25 | tangy | tangy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 makes | xcomp |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 cultures | punct |
| 27 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 29 cultures | punct |
| 28 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 cultures | amod |
| 29 | cultures | culture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 means | nsubj |
| 30 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 29 cultures | punct |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 pot | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 pot | det |
| 33 | pot | pot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 cultures | nmod |
| 34 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 changed | parataxis |
| 35 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 37 bacteria | det |
| 36 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 bacteria | amod |
| 37 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 it | nsubj |
| 38 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 it | cop |
| 39 | still | still | ADV | _ | 41 it | advmod |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 it | case |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 means | ccomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 changed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present · passive | friendly bacteria | Yoghurt | milk obl:unmarked | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | eat | present | friendly bacteria | the milk sugar | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient | ||||
| 3 | make | present | friendly bacteria not said here | lactic acid | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset acid=Product | ||||
| 4 | thicken | present | lactic acid | the milk | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient | ||||
| 5 | make | present | lactic acid not said here | milk | tangy property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | |||
| 6 | mean | present | live cultures on a pot | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is | present | this friendly bacteria | pot | still | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/8/