Cells, bones and muscles, sentence 18
You are about 1 centimetre taller in the morning than at bedtime, because the soft discs between the bones of your spine are squashed during the day and fill up again at night; with no gravity squashing them, astronauts in space grow a few centimetres taller.
Who acts: You, gravity, astronauts · What happens: be, squash, fill up, grow · To what, where: soft discs, discs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, gravity, astronauts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 taller | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 taller | cop |
| 3 | about | about | ADV | _ | 4 1 | advmod |
| 4 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 centimetre | nummod |
| 5 | centimetre | centimetre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 taller | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | taller | tall | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 morning | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 morning | det |
| 9 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 taller | obl |
| 10 | than | than | ADP | _ | 12 bedtime | case |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 bedtime | case |
| 12 | bedtime | bedtime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 taller | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 squashed | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 25 squashed | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 discs | det |
| 16 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 discs | amod |
| 17 | discs | disc | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 squashed | nsubj |
| 18 | between | between | ADP | _ | 20 bones | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 bones | det |
| 20 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 discs | nmod |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 spine | case |
| 22 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 spine | nmod:poss |
| 23 | spine | spine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bones | nmod |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 squashed | aux:pass |
| 25 | squashed | squash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 taller | advcl |
| 26 | during | during | ADP | _ | 28 day | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 day | det |
| 28 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 squashed | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 fill | cc |
| 30 | fill | fill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 squashed | conj |
| 31 | up | up | ADP | _ | 30 fill | compound:prt |
| 32 | again | again | ADV | _ | 30 fill | advmod |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 night | case |
| 34 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 fill | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 squashing | punct |
| 36 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 39 squashing | mark |
| 37 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 38 gravity | det |
| 38 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 squashing | nsubj |
| 39 | squashing | squash | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 fill | advcl |
| 40 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 squashing | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 astronauts | punct |
| 42 | astronauts | astronaut | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 grow | nsubj |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 space | case |
| 44 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 astronauts | nmod |
| 45 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 squashing | parataxis |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 centimetres | det |
| 47 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 centimetres | amod |
| 48 | centimetres | centimetre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 taller | obl |
| 49 | taller | tall | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 45 grow | xcomp |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 taller | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | You | morning | than bedtime; 1 centimetre obl:unmarked; tall property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | squash | present · passive | the soft discs between the bones of your spine | day | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | fill up | present | again; night | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | squash | gerund | no gravity | discs = disc | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 5 | grow | present | astronauts in space | tall property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/18/