Cells, bones and muscles, sentence 3

Bones cannot move on their own; muscles pull on them, always pulling and never pushing, so they work in pairs, one to bend a joint and one to straighten it.

Who acts: Bones, muscles, one · What happens: not move, pull, not push, work, bend, straighten · To what, where: own, joint

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bones, muscles, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 move	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 move	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 move	advmod
4	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 own	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 own	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 move	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 pull	punct
9	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 pull	nsubj
10	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 move	parataxis
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 pull	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 pulling	punct
14	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	15 pulling	advmod
15	pulling	pull	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 pull	advcl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 pushing	cc
17	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	18 pushing	advmod
18	pushing	push	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 pulling	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 work	punct
20	so	so	ADV	_	22 work	advmod
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 work	nsubj
22	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 move	parataxis
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 pairs	case
24	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 work	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 bend	punct
26	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 bend	nsubj
27	to	to	PART	_	28 bend	mark
28	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 move	conj
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 joint	det
30	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 bend	obj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 straighten	cc
32	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 straighten	nsubj
33	to	to	PART	_	34 straighten	mark
34	straighten	straighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 move	conj
35	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 straighten	obj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 move	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not move	can	Bones		bones's own		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on own=Trajectory
2	pull	present	muscles			on bones = bone	vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on they=Theme
3	pull	gerund	muscles not said here			always property	vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	not push	gerund	muscles not said here				vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
5	work	present	bones = bone			in pairs	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in pair=Theme
6	bend	to-infinitive	one	a joint			vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent joint=Material
7	straighten	to-infinitive	one	joint			vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/3/