Lungs and breathing, sentence 16

Cigarette smoke damages the tiny hairs that clean the airways and the alveoli and leaves sticky tar in the lungs, which is why smoking is banned near playgrounds in many places.

Who acts: Cigarette smoke, tiny hairs · What happens: damage, clean, leave, be · To what, where: tiny hairs, airways, sticky tar, lungs, playgrounds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cigarette smoke, tiny hairs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cigarette	cigarette	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smoke	compound
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 damages	nsubj
3	damages	damage	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hairs	det
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hairs	amod
6	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 damages	obj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 clean	nsubj
8	clean	clean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 hairs	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 airways	det
10	airways	airway	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 clean	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 alveoli	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 alveoli	det
13	alveoli	alveolus	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 airways	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 leaves	cc
15	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 clean	conj
16	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 tar	amod
17	tar	tar	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 leaves	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 lungs	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 lungs	det
20	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 leaves	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 banned	punct
22	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 banned	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 banned	cop
24	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	27 banned	advmod
25	smoking	smoking	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 banned	nsubj:pass
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 banned	aux:pass
27	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 damages	parataxis
28	near	near	ADP	_	29 playgrounds	case
29	playgrounds	playground	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 banned	obl
30	in	in	ADP	_	32 places	case
31	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 places	amod
32	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 banned	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 damages	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	damage	present	Cigarette smoke	the tiny hairs			vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient
2	clean	present	the tiny hairs	the airways and the alveoli			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent airway=Patient
3	leave	present	the tiny hairs not said here	sticky tar	the lungs		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tar=Theme in lung=Location
4	is	present · passive			playgrounds	in many places; ban property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/16/