Lungs and breathing, sentence 17

Whales breathe air through a blowhole on top of the head; the blow is warm breath and spray, and some whales can hold their breath for over an hour.

Who acts: Whales, blow · What happens: breathe, be, hold · To what, where: air, blowhole, warm breath, breath

This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whales, blow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathe	obj
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 blowhole	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 blowhole	det
6	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathe	obl
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 top	case
8	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 blowhole	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 head	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 head	det
11	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 top	nmod
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 breath	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 blow	det
14	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 breath	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 breath	cop
16	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 breath	amod
17	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathe	parataxis
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 spray	cc
19	spray	spray	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 breath	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 hold	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 hold	cc
22	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	23 whales	det
23	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 hold	nsubj
24	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 hold	aux
25	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 breathe	conj
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 breath	nmod:poss
27	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 hold	obj
28	for	for	ADP	_	31 hour	case
29	over	over	ADV	_	31 hour	advmod
30	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 hour	det
31	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 hold	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 breathe	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	breathe	present	Whales	air	a blowhole on top of the head		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
2	is a	present	the blow	warm breath and spray			tree rules
3	hold	can	some whales	whales's breath		hour	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/17/