Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise, sentence 11

Bacteria in plaque eat sugar and make acid that dissolves enamel into cavities; brushing twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste helps, and brushing at bedtime matters most because bacteria feed on sugar left in the mouth all night, and enamel, the hardest substance in the body, cannot grow back.

Who acts: Bacteria, acid, fluoride toothpaste, enamel · What happens: eat, make, dissolve, brush, help, feed · To what, where: sugar, acid, enamel, cavities, bedtime matters, mouth

This is a sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, acid, fluoride toothpaste, enamel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bacteria	Bacteria	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 eat	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	3 plaque	case
3	plaque	plaque	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Bacteria	nmod
4	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eat	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 make	cc
7	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 eat	conj
8	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 make	obj
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 dissolves	nsubj
10	dissolves	dissolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 acid	acl:relcl
11	enamel	enamel	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dissolves	obj
12	into	into	ADP	_	13 cavities	case
13	cavities	cavity	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 dissolves	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 brushing	punct
15	brushing	brush	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 make	advcl
16	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	15 brushing	advmod
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 day	det
18	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 twice	obl:unmarked
19	for	for	ADP	_	21 minutes	case
20	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 minutes	nummod
21	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 brushing	obl
22	with	with	ADP	_	24 toothpaste	case
23	fluoride	fluoride	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 toothpaste	compound
24	toothpaste	toothpaste	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 helps	nsubj
25	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 minutes	conj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 brushing	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 brushing	cc
28	brushing	brush	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 helps	advcl
29	at	at	ADP	_	31 matters	case
30	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 matters	compound
31	matters	matter	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 brushing	obl
32	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	28 brushing	advmod
33	because	because	SCONJ	_	35 feed	mark
34	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 feed	nsubj
35	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 matters	advcl
36	on	on	ADP	_	37 sugar	case
37	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 feed	obl
38	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 sugar	acl
39	in	in	ADP	_	41 mouth	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 mouth	det
41	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 left	obl
42	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	43 night	det
43	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 left	obl:unmarked
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	57 grow	punct
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	57 grow	cc
46	enamel	enamel	NOUN	Number=Sing	57 grow	nsubj
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	50 substance	punct
48	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 substance	det
49	hardest	hard	ADJ	Degree=Sup	50 substance	amod
50	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 enamel	appos
51	in	in	ADP	_	53 body	case
52	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	53 body	det
53	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 substance	nmod
54	,	,	PUNCT	_	57 grow	punct
55	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	57 grow	aux
56	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	57 grow	advmod
57	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 make	conj
58	back	back	ADV	_	57 grow	advmod
59	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 eat	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Bacteria in plaque	sugar				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient
2	make	present	Bacteria in plaque not said here	acid				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset acid=Product
3	dissolve	present	acid	enamel			into cavities result	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent enamel=Patient into cavity=Result
4	brush	gerund	Bacteria in plaque not said here			minute	twice property	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	help	present	fluoride toothpaste					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
6	brush	gerund	fluoride toothpaste not said here		bedtime matters			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme at matter=Destination
7	feed	present	bacteria				on sugar	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on sugar=Patient
8	leave	participle		sugar not said here		night	in the mouth result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in mouth=Result
9	not grow back	can	enamel					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/11/