The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue, sentence 11
The olm lives in dark caves in Slovenia and nearby; it has no colour, and its eyes are hidden under skin, because in total darkness eyes were no use and faded over many generations; it can live about 100 years.
Who acts: olm, total darkness eyes · What happens: live, have, hide, be, fade · To what, where: dark caves, colour, eyes, skin, use, many generations
This is a sentence of the lesson «The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (olm, total darkness eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 olm | det |
| 2 | olm | olm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lives | nsubj |
| 3 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 caves | case |
| 5 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 caves | amod |
| 6 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lives | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Slovenia | case |
| 8 | Slovenia | Slovenia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 caves | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 has | cc |
| 10 | nearby | nearby | ADV | _ | 13 has | advmod |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 has | punct |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 has | nsubj |
| 13 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lives | conj |
| 14 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 colour | det |
| 15 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 has | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 hidden | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 hidden | cc |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 19 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 hidden | aux:pass |
| 21 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 has | conj |
| 22 | under | under | ADP | _ | 23 skin | case |
| 23 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hidden | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 use | punct |
| 25 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 32 use | mark |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 eyes | case |
| 27 | total | total | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 eyes | amod |
| 28 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 eyes | compound |
| 29 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 use | nsubj |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 use | cop |
| 31 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 32 use | det |
| 32 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hidden | advcl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 faded | cc |
| 34 | faded | fade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 use | conj |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 37 generations | case |
| 36 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 generations | amod |
| 37 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 faded | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 live | punct |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 live | nsubj |
| 40 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 live | aux |
| 41 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 has | conj |
| 42 | about | about | ADV | _ | 43 100 | advmod |
| 43 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 44 years | nummod |
| 44 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 live | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | the olm | dark caves in Slovenia | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | present | olm | no colour | nearby property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient | |||
| 3 | hide | present · passive | olm's eyes | skin | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under skin=Location | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | total darkness eyes | no use | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fade | past | total darkness eyes not said here | over many generations | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | live | can | olm | year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/11/