The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue, sentence 13

Male frogs fill a vocal sac with air to make their calls louder, telling females where they are and what kind of frog they are.

Who acts: Male frogs, frogs · What happens: fill, make, tell, be, call · To what, where: vocal sac, calls, females, kind · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male frogs, frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 frogs	amod
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fill	nsubj
3	fill	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sac	det
5	vocal	vocal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sac	amod
6	sac	sac	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fill	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 air	case
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fill	obl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 make	mark
10	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 fill	advcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 calls	nmod:poss
12	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 make	obj
13	louder	loud	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 make	xcomp
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 females	punct
15	telling	tell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 make	advcl
16	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 telling	iobj
17	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	15 telling	ccomp
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 where	nsubj
19	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 where	cop
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 kind	cc
21	what	what	DET	PronType=Int	22 kind	det
22	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 telling	conj
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 frog	case
24	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 kind	nmod
25	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 kind	nsubj
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 kind	cop
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fill	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	fill	present	Male frogs	a vocal sac		with air	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent sac=Patient with air=Instrument
2	make	to-infinitive	Male frogs not said here	frogs's calls		loud property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset call=Product
3	tell speech: assert	gerund	Male frogs not said here		females		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent female=Recipient
4	is	present	frogs = frog			where property	tree rules
5	is a	present	frogs = frog	what kind		of frog	tree rules
6	call		frogs = frog				nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/13/