The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 18
The whale shark is the biggest fish of all, up to about 18 metres long, and it filters plankton and small fish; it is a shark, not a whale, because it breathes with gills and has a cartilage skeleton.
Who acts: whale shark, water · What happens: be, filter, breathe, have · To what, where: biggest fish, plankton, shark, cartilage skeleton
This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whale shark, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 shark | det |
| 2 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shark | compound |
| 3 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fish | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 fish | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 fish | det |
| 6 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 fish | amod |
| 7 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 all | case |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 fish | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 all | punct |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 metres | case |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 up | fixed |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 18 | advmod |
| 14 | 18 | 18 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 metres | nummod |
| 15 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 fish | nmod:unmarked |
| 16 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 metres | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 filters | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 filters | cc |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 filters | nsubj |
| 20 | filters | filter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 fish | conj |
| 21 | plankton | plankton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 filters | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 fish | cc |
| 23 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 fish | amod |
| 24 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 plankton | conj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 shark | punct |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 shark | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 shark | cop |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 shark | det |
| 29 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fish | parataxis |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 whale | punct |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 33 whale | advmod |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 whale | det |
| 33 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 shark | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 breathes | punct |
| 35 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 37 breathes | mark |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 breathes | nsubj |
| 37 | breathes | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 shark | advcl |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 gills | case |
| 39 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 breathes | obl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 has | cc |
| 41 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 breathes | conj |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 skeleton | det |
| 43 | cartilage | cartilage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 skeleton | compound |
| 44 | skeleton | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 has | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 fish | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the whale shark | the biggest fish | of all; up 18 metres | tree rules | |||
| 2 | filter | present | water | plankton and small fish | vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Agent plankton=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | water | a shark and a whale | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | breathe | present | water | with gills | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | have | present | water not said here | a cartilage skeleton | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/18/