What is everything made of?, sentence 19

Ancient Greek thinkers guessed at four elements (earth, air, fire and water); Democritus guessed at uncuttable bits he called atoms («atom» comes from the Greek for «cannot be cut»), but only later experiments showed atoms are real.

Who acts: Ancient Greek thinkers, Democritus, atom, later experiments, atoms · What happens: guess, call, come, not cut, show, be · To what, where: four elements, uncuttable bits, atoms, Greek · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «What is everything made of?» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ancient Greek thinkers, Democritus, atom, later experiments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thinkers	amod
2	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thinkers	amod
3	thinkers	thinker	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 guessed	nsubj
4	guessed	guess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 elements	case
6	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 elements	nummod
7	elements	element	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 guessed	obl
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 earth	punct
9	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 elements	appos
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 air	punct
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 earth	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 fire	punct
13	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 earth	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 water	cc
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 earth	conj
16	)	)	PUNCT	_	9 earth	punct
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 guessed	punct
18	Democritus	Democritus	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 guessed	nsubj
19	guessed	guess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 guessed	conj
20	at	at	ADP	_	22 bits	case
21	uncuttable	uncuttable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 bits	amod
22	bits	bit	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 guessed	obl
23	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 called	nsubj
24	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 bits	acl:relcl
25	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 called	xcomp
26	(	(	PUNCT	_	30 comes	punct
27	«	«	PUNCT	_	28 atom	punct
28	atom	atom	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 comes	nsubj
29	»	»	PUNCT	_	28 atom	punct
30	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 guessed	parataxis
31	from	from	ADP	_	33 Greek	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 Greek	det
33	Greek	Greek	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 comes	obl
34	for	for	SCONJ	_	39 cut	mark
35	«	«	PUNCT	_	39 cut	punct
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	39 cut	aux
37	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	39 cut	advmod
38	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	39 cut	aux:pass
39	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	33 Greek	advcl
40	»	»	PUNCT	_	39 cut	punct
41	)	)	PUNCT	_	30 comes	punct
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 showed	punct
43	but	but	CCONJ	_	47 showed	cc
44	only	only	ADV	_	45 later	advmod
45	later	late	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	46 experiments	amod
46	experiments	experiment	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 showed	nsubj
47	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 guessed	conj
48	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 real	nsubj
49	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	50 real	cop
50	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	47 showed	ccomp
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 guessed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	guess	past	Ancient Greek thinkers		four elements		vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at element=Value
2	guess	past	Democritus		uncuttable bits		vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at bit=Value
3	call speech: assert	past	Democritus	atoms			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bit=Recipient
4	come	present	atom		the Greek		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from greek=Initial_Location
5	not cut in a quote	can · passive	atom not said here				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»
6	show	past	later experiments				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	is	present	atoms			real property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:001-what-is-everything-made-of.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/1-what-is-everything-made-of/19/