Rust: iron's slow fire, sentence 15
Galvanised steel is coated with zinc; the zinc reacts first and "sacrifices" itself, so the iron stays safe even at small scratches, and ships carry zinc blocks for the same reason.
Who acts: zinc, iron, ships · What happens: galvanise, coat, react, sacrifice, stay, carry · To what, where: Galvanised steel, zinc, small scratches, zinc blocks
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rust: iron's slow fire» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (zinc, iron, ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galvanised | galvanise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 steel | amod |
| 2 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 coated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 coated | aux:pass |
| 4 | coated | coat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 zinc | case |
| 6 | zinc | zinc | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 coated | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 reacts | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 zinc | det |
| 9 | zinc | zinc | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 reacts | nsubj |
| 10 | reacts | react | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 coated | parataxis |
| 11 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 10 reacts | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 sacrifices | cc |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 sacrifices | punct |
| 14 | sacrifices | sacrifice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 reacts | conj |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 sacrifices | punct |
| 16 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 14 sacrifices | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 stays | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 stays | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 iron | det |
| 20 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 stays | nsubj |
| 21 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 reacts | conj |
| 22 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 stays | xcomp |
| 23 | even | even | ADV | _ | 26 scratches | advmod |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 scratches | case |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 scratches | amod |
| 26 | scratches | scratch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 stays | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 carry | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 carry | cc |
| 29 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 carry | nsubj |
| 30 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 coated | conj |
| 31 | zinc | zinc | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 blocks | compound |
| 32 | blocks | block | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 carry | obj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 36 reason | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 reason | det |
| 35 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 reason | amod |
| 36 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 carry | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 coated | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | galvanise | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | coat | present · passive | Galvanised steel | with zinc | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with zinc=Theme | ||||
| 3 | react | present | the zinc | first property | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | sacrifice in a quote | present | the zinc not said here | zinc | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent itself=Theme | ||||
| 5 | stay | present | the iron | small scratches | safe property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at scratch=Location | |||
| 6 | carry | present | ships | zinc blocks | for the same reason | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent block=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:013-rust-irons-slow-fire.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/13-rust-irons-slow-fire/15/