Tarnish and how metals change, sentence 1
The silver has tarnished: its surface joined with tiny amounts of sulphur gases in the air and made a thin dark layer.
Who acts: silver, surface · What happens: tarnish, join, make, amount · To what, where: thin dark layer, sulphur gases
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tarnish and how metals change» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (silver, surface), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 silver | det |
| 2 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tarnished | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 tarnished | aux |
| 4 | tarnished | tarnish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 joined | punct |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 surface | nmod:poss |
| 7 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 joined | nsubj |
| 8 | joined | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tarnished | parataxis |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 amounts | case |
| 10 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 amounts | amod |
| 11 | amounts | amount | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 joined | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 gases | case |
| 13 | sulphur | sulphur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gases | compound |
| 14 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 amounts | nmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 air | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 air | det |
| 17 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gases | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 made | cc |
| 19 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 joined | conj |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 layer | det |
| 21 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 layer | amod |
| 22 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 layer | amod |
| 23 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 made | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tarnished | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tarnish | present · perfect | the silver | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | join | past | silver's surface | with tiny amounts of sulphur gases in the air | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with amount=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | make | past | silver's surface not said here | a thin dark layer | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset layer=Product | ||||
| 4 | amount | sulphur gases in the air | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:014-tarnish-and-how-metals-change.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/14-tarnish-and-how-metals-change/1/