Gases all around: breath and balloons, sentence 10

Helium atoms are so small they slip through rubber, so helium balloons shrink after a few days; foil balloons last longer because their skin has smaller gaps.

Who acts: Helium atoms, atoms, helium balloons, foil balloons, skin · What happens: be, slip, shrink, last, have · To what, where: rubber, smaller gaps

This is a sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helium atoms, atoms, helium balloons, foil balloons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 atoms	compound
2	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 small	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 small	cop
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 small	advmod
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 slip	nsubj
7	slip	slip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 small	parataxis
8	through	through	ADP	_	9 rubber	case
9	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 slip	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 shrink	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	14 shrink	advmod
12	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 balloons	compound
13	balloons	balloon	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 shrink	nsubj
14	shrink	shrink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 small	parataxis
15	after	after	ADP	_	18 days	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 days	det
17	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 days	amod
18	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 shrink	obl
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 balloons	punct
20	foil	foil	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 balloons	compound
21	balloons	balloon	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 last	nsubj
22	last	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 shrink	parataxis
23	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	22 last	advmod
24	because	because	SCONJ	_	27 has	mark
25	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 skin	nmod:poss
26	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 has	nsubj
27	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 last	advcl
28	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	29 gaps	amod
29	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 has	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 small	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Helium atoms				small property	tree rules
2	slip	present	atoms = atom		rubber			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	shrink	infinitive	helium balloons			day		vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	last	present	foil balloons				long property	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
5	have	present	atoms's skin	smaller gaps				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/10/