Browning apples, rotting and mould, sentence 8
A cut apple goes brown because air reaches its chemicals and an enzyme helps them react with oxygen; lemon juice slows this because its acid stops the enzyme working well.
Who acts: air, enzyme, chemicals, lemon juice, acid · What happens: brown, reach, help, react, slow, stop · To what, where: chemicals, this, enzyme
This is a sentence of the lesson «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, enzyme, chemicals, lemon juice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 apple | det |
| 2 | cut | cut | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 apple | amod |
| 3 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 goes | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 brown | aux:pass |
| 5 | brown | brown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 8 reaches | mark |
| 7 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reaches | nsubj |
| 8 | reaches | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 brown | advcl |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 chemicals | nmod:poss |
| 10 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 reaches | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 helps | cc |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 enzyme | det |
| 13 | enzyme | enzyme | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 helps | nsubj |
| 14 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 reaches | conj |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 helps | obj |
| 16 | react | react | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 helps | xcomp |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 oxygen | case |
| 18 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 react | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 slows | punct |
| 20 | lemon | lemon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 juice | compound |
| 21 | juice | juice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 slows | nsubj |
| 22 | slows | slow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 brown | parataxis |
| 23 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 slows | obj |
| 24 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 27 stops | mark |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 acid | nmod:poss |
| 26 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stops | nsubj |
| 27 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 slows | advcl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 enzyme | det |
| 29 | enzyme | enzyme | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stops | obj |
| 30 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 enzyme | acl |
| 31 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 30 working | advmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 goes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | brown | present · passive | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V» | ||||||
| 2 | reach | present | air | air's chemicals | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme | ||||
| 3 | help | present | a enzyme | chemicals = chemical | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | react | infinitive | chemicals = chemical not said here | with oxygen | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with oxygen=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | slow | present | lemon juice | this | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent this=Patient | ||||
| 6 | stop | present | air's acid | the enzyme | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality enzyme=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | work | gerund | the enzyme not said here | well property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:023-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/8/