Colours of fire: fireworks, sentence 12
Gunpowder was discovered in China more than a thousand years ago, and it was used for celebrations long before it was used in guns.
What happens: discover, use · To what, where: Gunpowder, China, guns
This is a sentence of the lesson «Colours of fire: fireworks» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gunpowder | gunpowder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 discovered | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 discovered | aux:pass |
| 3 | discovered | discover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 China | case |
| 5 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 discovered | obl |
| 6 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 9 thousand | advmod |
| 7 | than | than | ADP | _ | 6 more | fixed |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 thousand | det |
| 9 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 3 discovered | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 used | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 used | cc |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 used | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 used | aux:pass |
| 16 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 discovered | conj |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 celebrations | case |
| 18 | celebrations | celebration | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 used | obl |
| 19 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 used | advmod |
| 20 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 23 used | mark |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 used | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 used | aux:pass |
| 23 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 used | advcl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 guns | case |
| 25 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 used | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 discovered | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | discover | past · passive | Gunpowder | China | ago property | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||
| 2 | use | past · passive | Gunpowder | for celebrations; long property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for celebration=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | use | past · passive | Gunpowder | guns | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:026-colours-of-fire-fireworks.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/26-colours-of-fire-fireworks/12/