Glass and pottery, sentence 16

Glass can be melted and made into new bottles again and again without wearing out, and melting old glass needs less energy than making it from sand.

Who acts: melting · What happens: melt, make, wear out, need · To what, where: Glass, new bottles, old glass, less energy, sand

This is a sentence of the lesson «Glass and pottery» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (melting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 melted	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 melted	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 melted	aux:pass
4	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 made	cc
6	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 melted	conj
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 bottles	case
8	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bottles	amod
9	bottles	bottle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 made	obl
10	again	again	ADV	_	6 made	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 again	cc
12	again	again	ADV	_	10 again	conj
13	without	without	SCONJ	_	14 wearing	mark
14	wearing	wear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 made	advcl
15	out	out	ADP	_	14 wearing	compound:prt
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 needs	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 needs	cc
18	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 needs	csubj
19	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 glass	amod
20	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 melting	obj
21	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 melted	conj
22	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 energy	amod
23	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 needs	obj
24	than	than	SCONJ	_	25 making	mark
25	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 needs	advcl
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 making	obj
27	from	from	ADP	_	28 sand	case
28	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 making	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 melted	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	melt	can · passive		Glass			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
2	make	participle			new bottles	again	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into bottle=Product
3	wear out	gerund					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
4	melt	gerund		old glass			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient glass=Result
5	need	present	melting	less energy			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot energy=Theme
6	make	gerund	melting not said here	glass	sand		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset it=Product from sand=Material

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:030-glass-and-pottery.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/30-glass-and-pottery/16/