Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate, sentence 0

Your friend Ming speaks Mandarin at home, and you pick it up the way he did as a toddler: by ear, never from a book.

Who acts: friend, you, Mandarin · What happens: speak, pick up, do · To what, where: Mandarin, home, friend, way · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, you, Mandarin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 speaks	nsubj
3	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 friend	appos
4	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 speaks	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 home	case
7	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 speaks	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 pick	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 pick	cc
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 pick	nsubj
11	pick	pick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 speaks	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 pick	obj
13	up	up	ADP	_	11 pick	compound:prt
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 way	det
15	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pick	obl
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 did	nsubj
17	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 way	acl:relcl
18	as	as	ADP	_	20 toddler	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 toddler	det
20	toddler	toddler	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 did	obl
21	:	:	PUNCT	_	23 ear	punct
22	by	by	ADP	_	23 ear	case
23	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 speaks	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 book	punct
25	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	28 book	advmod
26	from	from	ADP	_	28 book	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 book	det
28	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 ear	conj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 speaks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	Your friend	Mandarin	home	by ear and a book	tree rules
2	pick up	present	you	friend		the way obl	vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
3	do	past	Mandarin	the way not said here		as a toddler	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/0/