Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate, sentence 13
zàijiàn («dzye-JYEN», both falling) means goodbye, literally «again see»; it is fine for anyone, and if your voice rises at the end it sounds like a question.
Who acts: zàijiàn, goodbye, voice, it · What happens: mean, see, be, rise, sound · To what, where: goodbye, end · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (zàijiàn, goodbye, voice, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | zàijiàn | zàijiàn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 means | nsubj |
| 2 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 1 zàijiàn | punct |
| 3 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 6 JYEN | punct |
| 4 | dzye | dzye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 JYEN | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 JYEN | punct |
| 6 | JYEN | JYEN | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 zàijiàn | appos |
| 7 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 6 JYEN | punct |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 falling | punct |
| 9 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 falling | det |
| 10 | falling | falling | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 JYEN | conj |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 1 zàijiàn | punct |
| 12 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | goodbye | goodbye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 means | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 see | punct |
| 15 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 18 see | advmod |
| 16 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 18 see | punct |
| 17 | again | again | ADV | _ | 18 see | advmod |
| 18 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 12 means | parataxis |
| 19 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 18 see | punct |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 fine | punct |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 fine | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 fine | cop |
| 23 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 means | parataxis |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 anyone | case |
| 25 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 23 fine | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 fine | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 sounds | cc |
| 28 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 31 rises | mark |
| 29 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 voice | nmod:poss |
| 30 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rises | nsubj |
| 31 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 sounds | advcl |
| 32 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 end | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 end | det |
| 34 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rises | obl |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 sounds | nsubj |
| 36 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 fine | conj |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 39 question | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 question | det |
| 39 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 sounds | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | zàijiàn | goodbye | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see in a quote | infinitive | again | literally property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | is | present | goodbye | for anyone; fine property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | rise a condition, not said to happen | present | your voice | at the end | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at end=Location | ||||
| 5 | sound | present | it | like a question | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/13/