Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up, sentence 10

Mixing up b and d is very common up to about seven, because they are mirror images and the brain is still learning that direction matters for letters.

Who acts: Mixing, b, brain, direction · What happens: mix up, be, learn, matter · To what, where: b, mirror images · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mixing, b, brain, direction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mixing	mix	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 common	csubj
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Mixing	compound:prt
3	b	b	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Mixing	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 d	cc
5	d	d	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 b	conj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 common	cop
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 common	advmod
8	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	up	up	ADP	_	12 seven	case
10	to	to	ADP	_	9 up	fixed
11	about	about	ADV	_	12 seven	advmod
12	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 common	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 images	punct
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	18 images	mark
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 images	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 images	cop
17	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 images	compound
18	images	image	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 common	advcl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 learning	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 brain	det
21	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 learning	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 learning	aux
23	still	still	ADV	_	24 learning	advmod
24	learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 images	conj
25	that	that	SCONJ	_	27 matters	mark
26	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 matters	nsubj
27	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 learning	ccomp
28	for	for	ADP	_	29 letters	case
29	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 matters	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 common	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	mix up	gerund		b and d			vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent b=Patient
2	is	present	Mixing			up seven; common property	tree rules
3	is a	present	b	mirror images			tree rules
4	learn	present · progressive	the brain		still		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	matter	present	direction			for letters	vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/10/