Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 0
In a UKLO Breakthrough puzzle (UKLO is the UK Linguistics Olympiad, and Breakthrough is its first, easiest level), you meet a language you have never seen and work out its rules from a few examples, like a detective.
Who acts: Breakthrough, you, language · What happens: be, meet, not see, work out, rule · To what, where: UK Linguistics Olympiad, UKLO Breakthrough puzzle, language, rules, few examples
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Breakthrough, you, language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 puzzle | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 puzzle | det |
| 3 | UKLO | UKLO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 puzzle | compound |
| 4 | Breakthrough | breakthrough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 puzzle | compound |
| 5 | puzzle | puzzle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Olympiad | obl |
| 6 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 7 UKLO | punct |
| 7 | UKLO | UKLO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 puzzle | appos |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 Olympiad | cop |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Olympiad | det |
| 10 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Olympiad | compound |
| 11 | Linguistics | linguistics | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 Olympiad | compound |
| 12 | Olympiad | olympiad | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 first | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 first | cc |
| 15 | Breakthrough | breakthrough | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 first | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 first | cop |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 first | nmod:poss |
| 18 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 Olympiad | parataxis |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 level | punct |
| 20 | easiest | easy | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 level | amod |
| 21 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 first | obl |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 Olympiad | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 meet | punct |
| 24 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 meet | nsubj |
| 25 | meet | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 Olympiad | conj |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 language | det |
| 27 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 meet | obj |
| 28 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 seen | nsubj |
| 29 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 seen | aux |
| 30 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 31 seen | advmod |
| 31 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 language | acl:relcl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 work | cc |
| 33 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 seen | conj |
| 34 | out | out | ADP | _ | 33 work | compound:prt |
| 35 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 rules | nmod:poss |
| 36 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 work | obj |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 examples | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 examples | det |
| 39 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 examples | amod |
| 40 | examples | example | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 work | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 detective | punct |
| 42 | like | like | ADP | _ | 44 detective | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 detective | det |
| 44 | detective | detective | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 examples | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 meet | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the UK Linguistics Olympiad | a UKLO Breakthrough puzzle | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | Breakthrough | easiest level obl; first property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | meet | present | you | a language | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | not see | present · perfect | you | a language not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | work out | infinitive | you not said here | language's rules | a few examples like a detective | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic | |||
| 6 | rule | language | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/0/