Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 10
In Selk, the describing word comes first: ki (eye) + ota (water) = kiota (tears, "eye-water"); with fen (fire) and mor (mountain), a fire-mountain, a volcano, is fenmor.
Who acts: describing word, fen · What happens: describe, come, be · To what, where: ki, Selk, fenmor
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (describing word, fen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Selk | case |
| 2 | Selk | Selk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 comes | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Selk | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 word | det |
| 5 | describing | describe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 word | amod |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 comes | nsubj |
| 7 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 7 comes | advmod |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 ki | punct |
| 10 | ki | ki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 comes | obl |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 eye | punct |
| 12 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ki | appos |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 eye | punct |
| 14 | + | + | SYM | _ | 15 ota | cc |
| 15 | ota | ota | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ki | conj |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 water | punct |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 ota | appos |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 water | punct |
| 19 | = | = | SYM | _ | 20 kiota | punct |
| 20 | kiota | kiota | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 water | compound |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 tears | punct |
| 22 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 kiota | appos |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 tears | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 water | punct |
| 25 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 water | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 eye | punct |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ki | conj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 water | punct |
| 29 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 ki | punct |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 7 comes | punct |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 fen | case |
| 32 | fen | fen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 fenmor | nsubj |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 34 fire | punct |
| 34 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fen | appos |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 34 fire | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 mor | cc |
| 37 | mor | mor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fen | conj |
| 38 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 39 mountain | punct |
| 39 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 mor | appos |
| 40 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 39 mountain | punct |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 mountain | punct |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 mountain | det |
| 43 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 mountain | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 fire | punct |
| 45 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fen | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 volcano | punct |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 volcano | det |
| 48 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 mountain | appos |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 fen | punct |
| 50 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 fenmor | cop |
| 51 | fenmor | fenmor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 comes | parataxis |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 comes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | describe | gerund | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | come | present | the describing word | ki + ota and kiota eye water | Selk | first property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in selk=Location | ||
| 3 | is a | present | fen and mor and a fire mountain | fenmor | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/10/