Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 2
Look for repeated bits: if kapa is house and kapakapa is houses, then saying a word twice makes a plural, so sela (tree) gives selasela (trees).
Who acts: you, kapa, sela · What happens: look, repeat, be, say, make, give · To what, where: house, house houses, word, plural, selasela · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, kapa, sela), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | for | for | ADP | _ | 4 bits | case |
| 3 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 bits | amod |
| 4 | bits | bit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Look | obl |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 houses | punct |
| 6 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 9 house | mark |
| 7 | kapa | kapa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 house | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 house | cop |
| 9 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 houses | compound |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 kapakapa | cc |
| 11 | kapakapa | kapakapa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 house | conj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 houses | cop |
| 13 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Look | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 saying | punct |
| 15 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 saying | advmod |
| 16 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Look | advcl |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 word | det |
| 18 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 saying | obj |
| 19 | twice | twice | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 16 saying | advmod |
| 20 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 saying | ccomp |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 plural | det |
| 22 | plural | plural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 makes | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 gives | punct |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 gives | advmod |
| 25 | sela | sela | X | Foreign=Yes | 29 gives | nsubj |
| 26 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 27 tree | punct |
| 27 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sela | appos |
| 28 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 tree | punct |
| 29 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 saying | parataxis |
| 30 | selasela | selasela | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 gives | obj |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 trees | punct |
| 32 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 selasela | parataxis |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 32 trees | punct |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Look | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | imperative | you not said here | for repeated bits | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for bit=Theme | ||||
| 2 | repeat | participle | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 3 | is a a condition, not said to happen | present | kapa | house and kapakapa | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | house houses | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | you not said here | a word | then | twice property | tree rules | ||
| 6 | make | present | a plural | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plural=Product | |||||
| 7 | give | present | sela | selasela | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent selasela=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/2/