Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 3
Word order may not work like English: in some languages a little ending, not the place in the sentence, shows who is doing the action.
Who acts: Word order, little ending · What happens: not work, show, do · To what, where: languages, action · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Word order, little ending), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Word | Word | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 order | compound |
| 2 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 work | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 work | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 work | advmod |
| 5 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 English | case |
| 7 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 work | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 languages | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 languages | case |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 languages | det |
| 11 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 shows | obl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 ending | det |
| 13 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 ending | amod |
| 14 | ending | ending | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shows | nsubj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 place | punct |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 place | advmod |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 place | det |
| 18 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ending | appos |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 sentence | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sentence | det |
| 21 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 place | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 shows | punct |
| 23 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 work | parataxis |
| 24 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 doing | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 doing | aux |
| 26 | doing | do | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 shows | ccomp |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 action | det |
| 28 | action | action | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 doing | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 work | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not work | may | Word order | like English | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | show | present | a little ending | some languages | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | do | present · progressive | the action | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/3/