Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 1
Swahili changes the start of a word instead of the end: mtoto (child) becomes watoto (children), and mtu (person) becomes watu (people).
Who acts: Swahili, mtoto, mtu · What happens: change, become, start · To what, where: start, watu, word
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swahili, mtoto, mtu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Swahili | Swahili | PROPN | _ | 2 changes | nsubj |
| 2 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 start | det |
| 4 | start | start | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 changes | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 word | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 word | det |
| 7 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 start | nmod |
| 8 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 11 end | case |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 instead | fixed |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 end | det |
| 11 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 word | nmod |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 mtoto | punct |
| 13 | mtoto | mtoto | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 becomes | nsubj |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 child | punct |
| 15 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 mtoto | appos |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 child | punct |
| 17 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 changes | parataxis |
| 18 | watoto | watoto | X | Foreign=Yes | 17 becomes | xcomp |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 children | punct |
| 20 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 watoto | appos |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 children | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 becomes | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 becomes | cc |
| 24 | mtu | mtu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 becomes | nsubj |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 person | punct |
| 26 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 mtu | appos |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 person | punct |
| 28 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 becomes | conj |
| 29 | watu | watu | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 becomes | xcomp |
| 30 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 31 people | punct |
| 31 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 watu | appos |
| 32 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 31 people | punct |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 changes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Swahili | the start of a word instead the end | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent start=Patient | ||||
| 2 | become | present | mtoto | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | become | present | mtu | watu | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | start | a word instead the end | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/1/