Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 12
Hawaiian has only eight consonants (there is no r, s or t, for example), and its syllables end in vowels, so borrowed words are reshaped: "Merry Christmas" became "Mele Kalikimaka".
Who acts: Hawaiian, r, syllables, Merry Christmas · What happens: have, be, end, borrow, reshape, become · To what, where: eight consonants, vowels, borrowed words
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiian, r, syllables, Merry Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 4 eight | advmod |
| 4 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 consonants | nummod |
| 5 | consonants | consonant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 6 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 8 is | punct |
| 7 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 8 is | expl |
| 8 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | parataxis |
| 9 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 10 r | det |
| 10 | r | r | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 is | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 s | punct |
| 12 | s | s | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 r | conj |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 t | cc |
| 14 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 r | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 example | punct |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 example | case |
| 17 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 r | parataxis |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 8 is | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 end | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 end | cc |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 syllables | nmod:poss |
| 22 | syllables | syllable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 end | nsubj |
| 23 | end | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 vowels | case |
| 25 | vowels | vowel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 end | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 reshaped | punct |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 reshaped | advmod |
| 28 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 words | amod |
| 29 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 reshaped | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 reshaped | aux:pass |
| 31 | reshaped | reshape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 end | advcl |
| 32 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 37 became | punct |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 Christmas | punct |
| 34 | Merry | Merry | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Christmas | compound |
| 35 | Christmas | Christmas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 became | nsubj |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 Christmas | punct |
| 37 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | conj |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 Mele | punct |
| 39 | Mele | Mele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 became | xcomp |
| 40 | Kalikimaka | Kalikimaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Mele | flat |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 Mele | punct |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Hawaiian | eight consonants | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consonant=Patient | ||||
| 2 | does | present | no r and s or t | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | end | present | example's syllables | vowels | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | borrow | participle | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | reshape | present · passive | borrowed words | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | become | past | Merry Christmas | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/12/