Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 4

Picture Ffion in Cardiff saying "cath" for cat but "fy nghath" for "my cat": Welsh changes the first sound of some words after certain little words, a change called a mutation, and checking a rule against EVERY example is how you avoid a wrong guess.

Who acts: you, Ffion, Welsh, change · What happens: picture, saying, fy, change, call, check · To what, where: Ffion, cath, nghath, first sound, mutation, rule · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Ffion, Welsh, change), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Picture	picture	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	Ffion	Ffion	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Picture	obj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 saying	case
4	Cardiff	cardiff	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Picture	obl
5	saying	saying	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 Ffion	acl
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 cath	punct
7	cath	cath	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 saying	obj
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 cath	punct
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 cat	case
10	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Picture	obl
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 fy	cc
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 fy	punct
13	fy	fy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Picture	conj
14	nghath	nghath	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fy	obj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 nghath	punct
16	for	for	ADP	_	19 cat	case
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 cat	punct
18	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 cat	nmod:poss
19	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fy	obl
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 cat	punct
21	:	:	PUNCT	_	23 changes	punct
22	Welsh	welsh	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 changes	nsubj
23	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Picture	parataxis
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 sound	det
25	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	26 sound	amod
26	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 changes	obj
27	of	of	ADP	_	29 words	case
28	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	29 words	det
29	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 sound	nmod
30	after	after	ADP	_	33 words	case
31	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 words	amod
32	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 words	amod
33	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 words	nmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 change	punct
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 change	det
36	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 changes	nmod
37	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 change	acl
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 mutation	det
39	mutation	mutation	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 called	xcomp
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 checking	punct
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 checking	cc
42	checking	check	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Picture	conj
43	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 rule	det
44	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 checking	obj
45	against	against	ADP	_	47 example	case
46	EVERY	every	DET	PronType=Tot	47 example	det
47	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 rule	nmod
48	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 avoid	cop
49	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	51 avoid	advmod
50	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	51 avoid	nsubj
51	avoid	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 checking	advcl
52	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	54 guess	det
53	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 guess	amod
54	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 avoid	obj
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Picture	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	picture	imperative	you not said here	Ffion	for cat; Cardiff obl	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent ffion=Theme
2	saying	gerund	Ffion not said here	cath		tree rules
3	fy in a quote	infinitive	you not said here	nghath	for my cat	tree rules
4	change	present	Welsh	the first sound of some words after certain little words	a change nmod	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient
5	call speech: assert	participle	a change not said here	a mutation		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	check	gerund	you not said here	a rule	against every example	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme
7	is	present	you		avoid property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/4/