Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 12

Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cry, cried) but keeps the y before -ing (crying), because «criing» would put two i's together.

Who acts: Consonant, i · What happens: change, cry, keep, e, cri, put · To what, where: i, cry, y, » · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Consonant, i), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Consonant	consonant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changes	nsubj
2	+	+	SYM	_	3 y	cc
3	y	y	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Consonant	flat
4	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 i	case
6	i	i	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changes	obl
7	before	before	ADP	_	9 ed	case
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 ed	punct
9	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changes	obl
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 cry	punct
11	cry	cry	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ed	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 cried	punct
13	cried	cry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 cry	acl
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 cry	punct
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 keeps	cc
16	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 changes	conj
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 y	det
18	y	y	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 keeps	obj
19	before	before	ADP	_	21 ing	case
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 ing	punct
21	ing	e	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 keeps	obl
22	(	(	PUNCT	_	23 crying	punct
23	crying	crying	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 ing	appos
24	)	)	PUNCT	_	23 crying	punct
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 criing	punct
26	because	because	SCONJ	_	28 criing	mark
27	«	«	PUNCT	_	28 criing	punct
28	criing	cri	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	31 put	nsubj
29	»	»	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 criing	obj
30	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 put	aux
31	put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 keeps	advcl
32	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	35 together	nummod
33	i	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	35 together	nsubj
34	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 together	cop
35	together	together	ADV	_	31 put	advmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 changes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Consonant		i	before ed and cry		vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to i=Result
2	cry speech: express	participle		cry not said here				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	keep	present	Consonant not said here	the y				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Theme
4	e	gerund						tree rules
5	cri in a quote	gerund		»				tree rules
6	put	would						vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
7	is	present	i				together property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/12/