Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 13
Words ending in c add a k to keep the hard sound: panic, panicking; picnic, picnicked.
Who acts: Words · What happens: end, add, keep, panic, picnic · To what, where: c, k, hard sound
This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 add | nsubj |
| 2 | ending | end | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Words | acl |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 c | case |
| 4 | c | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ending | obl |
| 5 | add | add | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 k | det |
| 7 | k | k | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 add | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 keep | mark |
| 9 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 add | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sound | det |
| 11 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 sound | amod |
| 12 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 keep | obj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 panic | punct |
| 14 | panic | panic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sound | appos |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 panicking | punct |
| 16 | panicking | panic | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 panic | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 picnic | punct |
| 18 | picnic | picnic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 panic | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 picnicked | punct |
| 20 | picnicked | picnic | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 panic | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 add | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | gerund | Words not said here | c | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | infinitive | Words | a k | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent k=Patient | ||||
| 3 | keep | to-infinitive | Words not said here | the hard sound | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme | ||||
| 4 | panic | gerund | Words not said here | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | picnic | past | Words not said here | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/13/